{"id":401,"date":"2026-07-06T10:40:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T08:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zemesukis.com\/naujienos\/?p=401"},"modified":"2026-07-06T11:02:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T09:02:19","slug":"afrikinis-kiauliu-maras-kaip-biologinis-saugumas-apsaugo-uki-nuo-gresmes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zemesukis.com\/naujienos\/2026\/07\/06\/afrikinis-kiauliu-maras-kaip-biologinis-saugumas-apsaugo-uki-nuo-gresmes\/","title":{"rendered":"Afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras: kaip biologinis saugumas apsaugo \u016bk\u012f nuo gr\u0117sm\u0117s?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras (AKM) jau daugiau nei de\u0161imtmet\u012f i\u0161lieka viena did\u017eiausi\u0173 gr\u0117smi\u0173 Lietuvos kiaulininkystei<\/a>. Nors virusas kiaul\u0117ms pavojingas, \u017emon\u0117ms jis nekenksmingas, ta\u010diau \u016bkiui gali atne\u0161ti mil\u017eini\u0161k\u0173 nuostoli\u0173 \u2013 nuo gyvuli\u0173 bandos sunaikinimo iki ilgalaikio prekybos apribojimo. Geriausia ir i\u0161 esm\u0117s vienintel\u0117 veikianti apsaugos priemon\u0117 \u2013 nuoseklus biologinio saugumo reikalavim\u0173 laikymasis. \u0160iame straipsnyje aptariame, kas \u0161iuo metu vyksta su AKM Lietuvoje ir kaimynin\u0117se \u0161alyse, bei koki\u0173 konkre\u010di\u0173 \u017eingsni\u0173 tur\u0117t\u0173 imtis kiekvienas kiauli\u0173 laikytojas, nor\u0117damas apsaugoti savo \u016bk\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras: kod\u0117l gr\u0117sm\u0117 nei\u0161nyksta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras \u012f Europ\u0105 pateko i\u0161 Kaukazo regiono, o Lietuvoje \u0161ernams<\/a> pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 buvo nustatytas 2014 metais \u2013 tai buvo pirmasis atvejis visoje Europos S\u0105jungoje. Nuo tada liga cirkuliuoja laukini\u0173 \u0161ern\u0173 populiacijoje ir periodi\u0161kai pasirei\u0161kia naujuose regionuose. Valstybin\u0117s maisto ir veterinarijos tarnybos (VMVT) duomenimis, situacija \u0161alyje toli gra\u017eu n\u0117ra nusistov\u0117jusi \u2013 vien per pirm\u0105j\u012f \u0161i\u0173 met\u0173 pusmet\u012f virusas nustatytas daugiau nei t\u016bkstan\u010diui keturiems \u0161imtams \u0161ern\u0173, o did\u017eioji dalis atvej\u0173 aptikta gai\u0161enose. Tai vienas did\u017eiausi\u0173 u\u017efiksuot\u0173 atvej\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173 per pastaruosius trylika met\u0173, o AKM \u017eenklai stebimi daugelyje \u0161alies savivaldybi\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Papildomo nerimo kelia ir tai, kad \u0161iais metais dideli AKM protr\u016bkiai fiksuoti komerciniuose \u016bkiuose Lenkijoje ir Latvijoje, kur teko likviduoti de\u0161imtis t\u016bkstan\u010di\u0173 gyvuli\u0173. VMVT atstovai pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad did\u017eiausi\u0105 rizik\u0105 \u016bkiams \u0161iandien kelia ne pats virusas, o \u017emogi\u0161kasis veiksnys \u2013 vienas neatsargus veiksmas gali atverti keli\u0105 infekcijai patekti \u012f kiaulid\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Afrikinis<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaip virusas patenka \u012f \u016bk\u012f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Afrikinio kiauli\u0173 maro virusas plinta tiesioginio kontakto tarp gyv\u016bn\u0173 b\u016bdu, ta\u010diau ne ma\u017eiau pavojingas ir netiesioginis perdavimas \u2013 per u\u017ekr\u0117st\u0105 \u012frang\u0105, avalyn\u0119, drabu\u017eius, transporto priemones, pa\u0161arus ar net maisto atliekas. Virusas itin atsparus aplinkoje ir gali i\u0161likti gyvybingas u\u017e\u0161aldytoje ar perdirbtoje m\u0117soje m\u0117nesius, tod\u0117l vienas da\u017eniausi\u0173 u\u017ekrato patekimo \u012f \u016bk\u012f keli\u0173 \u2013 kiauli\u0173 \u0161\u0117rimas maisto atliekomis, kuriose pasitaiko u\u017ekr\u0117stos kiaulienos liku\u010di\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitas rizikingas \u0161altinis \u2013 tiesioginis ar netiesioginis kontaktas su \u0161ernais, ypa\u010d mi\u0161kingose ar prie mi\u0161ko esan\u010diose vietov\u0117se. Tod\u0117l kiekvienas \u016bkininkas, laikantis kiaules, tur\u0117t\u0173 vertinti savo \u016bkio aplink\u0105 kaip potencial\u0173 viruso patekimo ta\u0161k\u0105 ir nuosekliai ma\u017einti visas rizikas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pagrindin\u0117s biologinio saugumo priemon\u0117s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Biologinis saugumas \u2013 tai ne vienkartinis veiksmas, o kasdien\u0117 \u016bkio rutina:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Svarbiausia taisykl\u0117 \u2013 naudoti tik \u016bkiui skirt\u0105 avalyn\u0119 ir darbo aprang\u0105, kuri niekada ned\u0117vima u\u017e kiaulid\u0117s rib\u0173, ypa\u010d einant \u012f mi\u0161k\u0105 ar med\u017eiokl\u0117s plotus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Prie\u0161 patenkant \u012f kiauli\u0173 laikymo patalpas ir jas paliekant, b\u016btina dezinfekuoti rankas, avalyn\u0119 ir naudojam\u0105 inventori\u0173, o transporto priemones, atve\u017ean\u010dias pa\u0161arus, gyvulius ar kitas prekes, reikia plauti ir dezinfekuoti tiek prie\u0161 kiekvien\u0105 reis\u0105, tiek po jo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u016akio teritorija tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti aptverta taip, kad \u012f j\u0105 negal\u0117t\u0173 patekti \u0161ernai ar kiti laukiniai gyv\u016bnai, o pa\u0161alini\u0173 asmen\u0173 lankym\u0105si kiaulid\u0117se verta riboti iki minimumo (\u012fleisti tik su apsaugine apranga).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Kategori\u0161kai draud\u017eiama kiaules \u0161erti maisto atliekomis \u2013 net jei jos atrodo saugios, garantijos, kad jose n\u0117ra viruso, niekas neduoda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Papildomai rekomenduojama tvarkyti grie\u017et\u0105 gyv\u016bn\u0173 jud\u0117jimo apskait\u0105, izoliuoti naujai atve\u017etus gyvulius bent kelioms savait\u0117ms prie\u0161 juos sujungiant su likusia banda, o pa\u0161arus laikyti u\u017edarose, nuo grau\u017eik\u0173 ir pauk\u0161\u010di\u0173 <\/a>apsaugotose talpyklose.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"Pagrindin\u0117s<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Afrikinio kiauli\u0173 maro rizika i\u0161 mi\u0161ko: k\u0105 svarbu \u017einoti med\u017eiotojams ir \u016bkininkams?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Kadangi virusas Lietuvoje toliau plinta tarp \u0161ern\u0173, ypatingas d\u0117mesys turi b\u016bti skiriamas kontaktui su laukine fauna. Med\u017eiojant AKM paveiktose ar rizikingose zonose, sumed\u017eiotus gyv\u016bnus reikia gabenti taip, kad k\u016bno skys\u010diai nepatekt\u0173 \u012f aplink\u0105, vengti tiesioginio kontakto su gyv\u016bnu plikomis rankomis ir visada naudoti vienkartines pir\u0161tines. Po darbo su sumed\u017eiotu ar rastu nugai\u0161usiu gyv\u016bnu b\u016btina kruop\u0161\u010diai nusiplauti rankas, o susidariusias atliekas tvarkyti saugiai, nepaliekant j\u0173 prieinamoje aplinkoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Transportas, \u012frankiai ir apranga, naudoti med\u017eiokl\u0117je, prie\u0161 gr\u012f\u017etant \u012f \u016bk\u012f tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti dezinfekuoti, nes net trumpas atokv\u0117pis mi\u0161ke gali tapti viruso perne\u0161imo grandimi tarp \u0161erno ir namin\u0117s kiaul\u0117s. Radus gai\u0161en\u0105 ar pasteb\u0117jus ne\u012fprastai besielgiant\u012f \u0161ern\u0105, apie tai reikia nedelsiant informuoti VMVT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K\u0105 daryti pasteb\u0117jus \u012ftartinus simptomus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Kiauli\u0173 laikytojai tur\u0117t\u0173 kasdien steb\u0117ti gyvuli\u0173 b\u016bkl\u0119 ir atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f bet kokius ne\u012fprastus po\u017eymius \u2013 pakilusi\u0105 temperat\u016br\u0105, silpnum\u0105, apetito praradim\u0105 ar netik\u0117tus nugai\u0161imus. Deja, VMVT specialistai pastebi, kad kai kurie laikytojai delsia prane\u0161ti apie tokius poky\u010dius arba bando gyv\u016bnus gydyti savaranki\u0161kai. Toks elgesys gali kainuoti brangiai, nes u\u017edelstas ligos nustatymas leid\u017eia jai i\u0161plisti \u012f kitus \u016bkius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pasteb\u0117jus bet koki\u0173 \u012ftarim\u0173, b\u016btina nedelsiant kreiptis \u012f privat\u0173 veterinarijos gydytoj\u0105 arba VMVT telefonais 1879 ar +370 5 242 0108 (skambinti galima ir i\u0161 u\u017esienio). Svarbu \u017einoti, kad laiku pateiktas prane\u0161imas n\u0117ra baud\u017eiamas \u2013 prie\u0161ingai, \u016bkininkams, kurie s\u0105\u017einingai laikosi biologinio saugumo reikalavim\u0173, bet vis tiek susiduria su liga, numatyta valstyb\u0117s kompensacija u\u017e paskerstus ar likviduotus gyvulius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras: zonavimas ir jo \u012ftaka \u016bkinink\u0173 veiklai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Europos Komisija, atsi\u017evelgdama \u012f epizootin\u0119 situacij\u0105, Lietuvos teritorij\u0105 skirsto \u012f zonas pagal rizik\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Pirmojoje zonoje AKM nenustatytas, ta\u010diau ji ribojasi su u\u017ekr\u0117stomis teritorijomis, tod\u0117l kiauli\u0173 jud\u0117jimui apribojim\u0173 netaikoma, bet privalomi auk\u0161\u010diausio lygio biologinio saugumo reikalavimai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Antrojoje zonoje virusas jau nustatytas \u0161ernams, tod\u0117l ribojamas gyv\u0173 kiauli\u0173 eksportas, o \u016bkiams taikoma nuolatin\u0117 oficiali veterinarin\u0117 prie\u017ei\u016bra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Tre\u010diojoje zonoje, kur afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras patvirtintas ir namin\u0117ms kiaul\u0117ms, galioja grie\u017e\u010diausi apribojimai prekybai ir gyvuli\u0173 jud\u0117jimui.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Nepriklausomai nuo zonos, kiauliena, patekusi \u012f prekyb\u0105, yra saugi vartoti \u2013 tai u\u017etikrina privalomas veterinarinis patikrinimas prie\u0161 skerdim\u0105 ir po jo. Ta\u010diau b\u016btent zonos statusas lemia, kokias papildomas priemones konkretaus regiono \u016bkininkas privalo \u012fgyvendinti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"Afrikinis<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Afrikinis kiau<\/a>li<\/a>\u0173 maras<\/a> n\u0117ra praeities istorija \u2013 tai nuolat kintanti gr\u0117sm\u0117, kuri ir toliau cirkuliuoja Lietuvos bei kaimynini\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173 \u0161ern\u0173 populiacijose bei periodi\u0161kai pasiekia komercinius \u016bkius. Kaip rodo VMVT specialist\u0173 patirtis, da\u017eniausiai virusas \u012f \u016bk\u012f patenka ne d\u0117l paties viruso agresyvumo, o d\u0117l \u017emogaus neatsargumo \u2013 pamir\u0161tos dezinfekcijos, netinkamai laikom\u0173 pa\u0161ar\u0173 ar kontakto su laukiniais gyv\u016bnais. Tod\u0117l biologinis saugumas tur\u0117t\u0173 tapti ne formalia prievole, o kasdiene \u012fprastine \u016bkio praktika, kurios laikosi kiekvienas darbuotojas. Investicija \u012f tvark\u0105, higien\u0105 ir budrum\u0105 \u0161iandien yra kur kas pigesn\u0117 nei nuostoliai, kuriuos gali sukelti vienas AKM protr\u016bkis \u016bkyje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0160altiniai:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/disease\/african-swine-fever\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/topics\/topic\/african-swine-fever<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9409812\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. https:\/\/vmvt.lrv.lt\/lt\/veiklos-sritys\/gyvunu-sveikata\/gyvunu-ligos\/uzkreciamosios-gyvunu-ligos\/afrikinis-kiauliu-maras\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. https:\/\/efsa.vmvt.lt\/afrikinis-kiauliu-maras-isplesta-kampanija-pradedama-vykdyti-lietuvoje\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Nuotraukos asociatyvin\u0117s \u00a9Canva.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Afrikinis kiauli\u0173 maras (AKM) jau daugiau nei de\u0161imtmet\u012f i\u0161lieka viena did\u017eiausi\u0173 gr\u0117smi\u0173 Lietuvos kiaulininkystei. Nors virusas kiaul\u0117ms pavojingas, \u017emon\u0117ms jis […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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